The Equality Act 2010 was created to merge and update Britain’s equality legislation into a single act of parliament.
It covers 9 protected characteristics:
- Age
- Disability
- Gender reassignment
- Marriage or civil partnership (in employment only)
- Pregnancy and maternity
- Race
- Religion or belief
- Sex
- Sexual orientation
Not all parts of the act have been or will be implement.
The Equality and Human Right Commission have a good introduction have a good introduction and some helpful resources.
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/equality-act-2010/what-equality-act
There is a more detailed background on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Act_2010.
The official UK government website has some guidance https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equality-act-2010-guidance and the full text of the act is available on the UK government legislation website https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents.